本章自测 试卷总分:9 得分:88.9 1.The decision making is based on information. 2.Data warehouse is a single source of information to understand different subjects. 3.Data warehouse only contains current information. 4.A computer vir
本章自测
试卷总分:9 得分:88.9
1.The decision making is based on information.
2.Data warehouse is a single source of information to understand different subjects.
3.Data warehouse only contains current information.
4.A computer virus is also a computer program.
5.New antivirus software is always more effective in defending virus attack.
6.Worm virus such as Blaster can cause a lot of computers to crash.
7.The web server software flaws can be used by hackers.
8.The first step to prevent attack is to install a firewall.
9.Firewalls always require high hardware configurations.
复习题
试卷总分:520 得分:96.2
阅读理解
一、Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）
1.high-level language? assembly language ?written machine language notation ? ? A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a ____答案：____
2.complex arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) add control unit heart ? ? The central processing unit (CPU) is the ____— that is, it ____
3.toolbar ruler title bar menu bar incorporate into ? ? Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily ____
4.requirements maintain disciplined coding modify ? ? Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and ____
二．根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误
5.The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.
The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).
The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.
The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.
?
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. 1
2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. 2
3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. 3
4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions. 4
5.The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. 5
(1).__1__
A.T
B.F
(2).__2__
A.T
B.F
(3).__3__
A.T
B.F
(4).__4__
A.T
B.F
(5).__5__
A.T
B.F
6.For a Web user, the home page is the first Web page that is displayed after starting a Web browser like Netscape's Navigator or Microsoft's Internet Explorer. The browser is usually preset(预置) so that the home page is the first page of the browser manufacturer. However, you can set it to open to any Web site. For example, you can specify (指定)that http://www. yahoo. com or http://www. whatis. com be your home page. You can also specify that there be no home page (a blank space will be displayed) in which case you choose the first page from your bookmark list or enter a Web address.
For a Web site developer, a home page is the first page presented when a user selects a site on the World Wide Web. The usual address for a Web site is the home page address, although you can enter the address (Uniform Resource Locator) of any page and have that page sent to you..
?
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
Home pages for a Web user or a Web site developer have the same meanings. 1
2.The home page displayed on a Web browser is usually preset by the browser manufacturer. 2
3.The home page for a Web user can be reset to any Web site you prefer. 3
4.You have to enter or select Web addresses every time with a blank space on your Web browser. 4
5.Web addresses usually lead to relative home pages. 5
(1).__1__
A.T
B.F
(2).__2__
A.T
B.F
(3).__3__
A.T
B.F
(4).__4__
A.T
B.F
(5).__5__
A.T
B.F
7.Personal computer software is based on specific operating systems and machines. The famous PC operating systems are DOS, Windows, OS/2, Unix, Linux, Mac OS.
DOS (Disk Operating System) was the most popular operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible 16 bit personal computers. DOS is no longer widely used because it has a number of limitations.
Microsoft built Windows as an extension of the widely installed DOS operating system. Windows provides not only a graphical user interface (GUI), but also memory management and multitasking capabilities.
Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system that is highly supportive of communications and networking. At present, Unix is primarily used for workstations, minicomputers, and server computers in multi-user environments.
Linux is the free Unix. It has all of the features you would expect of a modern, fully fledged Unix: true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking.
Mac OS (Machintosh Operating System) supports multitasking and networking and has a highly praised graphical user interface. Multimedia capabilities of this operating system allow Macintosh users to integrate video clip, stereo sound, and animated sequences with conventional text and graphics software.
?
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
Personal computer software is dependent on specific operating systems and machines. 1
2.DOS can only work with 32-bit microprocessor. 2
3.Windows is the 32-bit operating system with networking capability and Internet access. 3
4.Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system. 4
5.The Linux operating system is free. It is the modified version of Unix running on PCs. 5
(1).__1__
A.T
B.F
(2).__2__
A.T
B.F
(3).__3__
A.T
B.F
(4).__4__
A.T
B.F
(5).__5__
A.T
B.F
8.During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people.
When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis’.
Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .
The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:
Requirements Analysis & Specification: define the system requirements in detail
Design: specify system architecture and modules in detail
Coding: produce source code
Testing: deal with unit testing and system testing
Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms
?
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline. 1
2.The definition of software engineering is "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." 2
3.For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing. 3
4.software engineering is the application of engineering to software. 4
5.Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems. 5
(1).__1__
A.T
B.F
(2).__2__
A.T
B.F
(3).__3__
A.T
B.F
(4).__4__
A.T
B.F
(5).__5__
A.T
B.F
9.Microsoft Word, known as Word, is a very powerful Windows word-processing package. It is a member of Microsoft office. Word offers many features, including desktop publishing and access to the World Wide Web. Because Word is part of the Microsoft Office, documents created in Word can be easily incorporated into Excel, PowerPoint and Access files. Word has several editions: Word 97, Word 2000 and Word XP. Microsoft Word XP is the current Windows version of this word processor. The following figure is the introduction of Word XP.
?{图}
Fig.1 The interface of Word XP
?Title bar – displays the name of the current application and name of the current document.
?Menu bar – lists the names of the menus available.
?Standard toolbar – gives you quick access to frequently used editing functions. Names of buttons are displayed when the mouse rested over them.
?Scroll bars – used to move through a document – vertical and horizontal.
?Ruler –enables you to change left and right margins and to set or remove tab stops.
?Text area –where you can edit your document.
?Status bar – displays current document information.
?
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000. 1
2.Word doesn’t have the feature to accessing to World Wide Web. 2
3.Documents created in Word are hard to be incorporated into Powerpoint. 3
4.Title bar displays the names of the application and document. 4
5.In the text area, you can edit your document. 5
(1).__1__
A.T
B.F
(2).__2__
A.T
B.F
(3).__3__
A.T
B.F
(4).__4__
A.T
B.F
(5).__5__
A.T
B.F
三、根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。
10.Natural languages are designed to facilitate the communication between humans. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers. A programming language is a notation for describing computation in computer-readable and human-readable form.
A programming language represents a special vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. Broadly speaking, it consists of a set of statements or expressions understandable to both people and computers. People understand these instructions because they use human (English and mathematical) expressions. Computers, in the other hand, process these instructions through use of special programs, which, known as compiler, decode the instructions from people and create machine-language coding.
Just like we have many different languages in use throughout the world for us humans to communicate with, there are different languages that we use to communicate with a computer . There are three levels of programming languages:
Machine language
Assembly language
High-level language
?
choose the best answer according to the passage.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and . 1
A. computers
B. people
C. hardware
D. software
2.A programming language is a notation for describing computation which can be understand by both 2 .
A. computer and machine
B. human and software
C. computer and human
D. software and hardware
3.Computers understand the programming language through 3 , which translate the programming language into machine-language that computer can understand.
A. assembly language
B. compiler
C. machine language
D. high-level language
4.The following are the three levels of the programming language except . 4
A. machine language
B. assembly language
C. high-level language
D. compiler
5.which of the following language can be directly understood by computer? 5
A. machine language
B. assembly language
C. high-level language
D. compiler
(1).__1__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(2).__2__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(3).__3__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(4).__4__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(5).__5__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
11.In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer . If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program. The task of developing programs for the solution of computational problems is referred to as programming. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will help us resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work out otherwise . So programming is breaking a task down into small steps.
Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program. The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code, and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.
What's actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs? Here's a quick overview of the process:
· Write a program.
· Compile the program.
· Run the program.
· Debug the program.
· Repeat the whole process until the program is finished.
?
choose the best answer according to the passage .(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
1．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to . 1
A. calculate
B. program
C. add
D. subtract
Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of 2 for a computer to follow.
A. steps
B. process
C. lines
D. graphics
3. The term coder is used to describe 3 .
A. machine
B. computer
C. keyboard
D. person
4. In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person or a 4 to do it.
A. machine
B. computer
C. keyboard
D. mouse
5. Which of the following is not the stages of programming? 5
A. Write a program.
B. Debug the program.
C. Print the program.
D. Compile the program.
(1).__1__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(2).__2__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(3).__3__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(4).__4__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(5).__5__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
12.?A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous.
?Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let's first examine some common virus types:
?Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive.
?Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn't replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open 'back doors.' Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
?Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users' computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc.
?Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs.
?
choose the best answer according to the passage.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
1．A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread 1 of itself.
A．programs
B．virus
C．copies
D．files
2．Worm spread itself except by 2 .
A．network
B．E-mail
C．program
D．hardware
3．Antivirus program can scan and 3 virus.
A．clean
B．produce
C．replicate
D．make
4．Trojan Horses 4 .
A．quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.
B．infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.
C．allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
D．avoid the virus to attack computer.
5．According to BusinessWeek, the 5 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number.
A．86,404
B．76,404
C．56,354
D．34,876
(1).__1__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(2).__2__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(3).__3__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(4).__4__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(5).__5__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
13.The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969, which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US . The early Internet was used by computer experts , engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.
The Internet matured in the 1970's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture. As the commands for E-mail, FTP , and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the nets. It was not easy by today' s standards by any means, but it did open up use of the Internet to many more people in universities in particular. Other departments besides the libraries, computer, physics, and engineering departments found ways to make good use of the nets -- to communicate with colleagues around the world and to share files and resources.
In 1991, the first really friendly interface to the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota. The University wanted to develop a simple menu system to access files and information on campus through their local network.
Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 1990's, when independent commercial networks began to grow.
?
Choose the best answer according to Passage.（ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。）
How many computers were connected to the initial Internet in 1969 ? 1
A. Ten
B. Four
C. Twenty
D. Three
2. Only 2 could use the early Internet.
A. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians
B. any experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians
C. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and students
D. experts, engineers, and scientists in universities in US
3. The Internet became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn and use because of the common 3 .
A. commands
B. protocols
C. topologies
D. architecture
4. The first really friendly interface to the Internet appeared with the introduction of a 4 system for files and information access.
A. computer
B. operating
C. menu
D. application
5. Which statement is not true according to Passage C? 5
A. Many more people in universities began to use the Internet in the 1970s, but it wasn't as user-friendly as today's standards.
B. The restrictions to commercial uses changed as the independent commercial networks were not funded by the government.
C. Commercial uses were allowed for the early Internet if they directly served the goals of research and education.
D. The early Internet was logged in from home or office personal computers.
(1).__1__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(2).__2__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(3).__3__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(4).__4__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(5).__5__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
14.A computer system can roughly be divided into three components:
·The hardware (memory, CPU, arithmetic-logic unit, various bulk storage, I/O, peripheral devices…)
·System software (operating system, compilers, editors, loaders, utilities...)
·Application software (database systems, business programs...)
A computer system can be described or?shown in the following Figure.
?{图}
The central processing unit (CPU) is located on chips inside the system unit. The CPU is the brain of the computer. This is the place where the computer interprets and processes information.
The operating system is the first component of the systems programs that interests us here. Systems programs are programs written for direct execution?on computer hardware in order to ?make?the power of the computer fully and efficiently accessible to applications programmers and other computer users.
An application software?(also called end-user program) is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.?Examples of application software?include word processors; database programs; Web browsers; development tools; drawing, paint, and image editing programs; and communication programs.
choose the best answer according to the passage.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
1．A computer system can roughly be divided into three components except 1 .
A．hardware
B．System software
C．Application software
D．CPU
2．The central processing unit (CPU) is an important part of the computer, and it can interpret and 2 information.
A．process
B．use
C．brain
D．heart
3．The operating system is one of 3 .
A．hardware
B．system software
C．application software
D．computer
4．An application software is any program designed to perform a 4 function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.
A．specific
B．normal
C．general
D．abnormal
Which of the following is not an application software?
5 .
A．word processor
B．database program
C．Web browser
D．compiler
(1).__1__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(2).__2__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(3).__3__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(4).__4__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
(5).__5__
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
期末测试
试卷总分:100 得分:96.9
1.Match the words or expressions on the left with the expressions or statements on the right.
(1).1. modem
(2).2. session layer
(3).3.IP
(4).4. computer network
(5).5. bandwidth
(6).6.Internet edge
(7).7.router
(8).8.packet switching
(9).9.core network
(10).10.Internet
A.network in which a packet is the unit of data transmission that is examined and processed by network devices
B.protocol layer that is mainly responsible for establishing, managing and terminating communication sessions between presentation layer entities
C.high-capacity communication facilities that connect end systems and small networks together
D.the key component of packet switching with the most important functionality being to forward the packets that it receives
E.the largest global interconnection of many networks that connects hundreds of thousands of networks worldwide
F.edge of the network from the view of the electronic components
G.device that can convert digital signals to analog signals and convert analog signals back to digital signals
H.metric that defines the bit-rate of available or consumed capacity for information transmission
I.network protocol that enables a computer to communicate with another computer anywhere and at any time without undue difficulty
J.system that connects multiple computer equipment with independent functions and in different geographical locations through communication lines
2.Internet is comprised of the Internet edge and the core network.
3.The end-to-end principle is a classic design principle of computer networking.
4.Hosts primarily lie at the center of the network.
5.TCP/IP is a type of protocol for local area network.
6.Transmission rate alone is sufficient to evaluate the performance of computer network.
7.The appropriate routing path selection is in the transport layer.
8.The TCP can provide reliable byte stream transmission services.
9.Availability refers to the property that information and system resources or services are accessible wherever needed and whenever needed.
10.Denial of service implies that Internet users falsely deny submitting or receiving information.
11.A network virus is a set of instructions or program code prepared by people.
12.Hostile attack can cause direct harm to network security and can destroy the security of computing systems.
13.The security of mobile Internet mainly has three aspects: intelligent mobile device security, network security and application security.
14.Malicious software can lure users through the means of SMS hijacking, MMS, E-mail,
communication records, call records, favorites, desktop, etc.
15.The way in which computer worm spreads itself is by finding and attaching itself to other program code.
16.Header is not necessary for packets switching.
17.Once the CPU (1) something in RAM, it must be able to find it when needed. To (2) this, each location in memory has an (3) , Whenever a block of data, (4) , program, or result of a (5) is stored in the memory, it is stored into one or more consecutive addresses depending on its size. computer systems automatically set up and (6) directory tables that (7) the address of the first character of all data stored in the memory along with the number of addresses used to (8) the retrieval of the data when necessary.
(1).Cloze Subject
A.stores
B.address
(2).Cloze Subject
A.provide
B.accomplish
(3).Cloze Subject
A.instruction
B.address
(4).Cloze Subject
A.address
B.instruction
(5).Cloze Subject
A.computation
B.facilitate
(6).Cloze Subject
A.provide
B.maintain
(7).Cloze Subject
A.provide
B.accomplish
(8).Cloze Subject
A.facilitate
B.consecutive
18.跟据括号中的中文意思填入正确形式的英文单词： Registers are special temporary storage locations within the CPU—some in the control unit and some in the ALU. Registers can very quickly____接受）and ____（储存）data and instructions that are to be used immediately. Main memory hods data that will be used very shortly. ____（辅助的）storages, such as the disk, ____（保存） data that will be used later. To____（执行）an instruction, the control unit of the CPU ____（检索数据） it from the main memory and ____（转移） it into a register. The typical operations that take place in the processing of an instruction are part of either the instruction cycle or the execution____（周期）.
